【NBA観戦が100倍楽しい！】基本ルールから審判用語まで、試合を英語で深く理解する完全ガイド

A: Did you see that fast break? The point guard dribbled past two defenders and made a layup.
B: Yeah, that was a great play. But earlier, I noticed a double dribble violation. The player stopped dribbling and then started again.
A: Right, the referee blew the whistle and called the double dribble. That gave the ball to the other team.
B: Speaking of fouls, did you see the offensive foul? The player charged into the defender who had set a solid screen.
A: Yes, the referee called a charge on that play. Also, the pick-and-roll between the center and the point guard was very effective.
B: I agree. The center set a perfect pick, then rolled to the basket for an alley-oop dunk.
A: That dunk was amazing! By the way, the shooting guard made a clutch three-pointer right before the shot clock expired.
B: And the defender committed a shooting foul during that shot, so the shooter got two free throws.
A: Free throws are so important, especially in close games.
B: Absolutely. Also, turnovers can really hurt a team’s chances. The team had too many turnovers in the second half.
A: True. But the coach called a timeout and drew up a new play to fix that.
B: Good call. The assistant coach also helped scout the opponent’s defense.
A: And the referee made some crucial calls, including a technical foul on the bench for arguing.
B: Yeah, the officials really keep the game fair and under control.

Announcer: And here we go, the point guard brings the ball up the court, looking for options.
Commentator: Watch the pick-and-roll here—the center sets a solid screen, and the guard uses it beautifully.
Announcer: The guard dribbles past the defender and dishes to the cutting forward—oh, what a layup!
Commentator: Great execution, but the referee is looking at the play—was there a foul?
Announcer: The official calls a shooting foul! The forward will go to the line for two free throws.
Commentator: That’s a crucial call, especially in a close game like this.
Announcer: Now the ball is back in play, and the other team goes on a fast break!
Commentator: The point guard pushes the pace, but wait—the defender commits a blocking foul.
Announcer: The referee blows the whistle and calls the foul. The coach is calling a timeout to adjust his defense.
Commentator: Good decision. The coaching staff is drawing up a play to slow down the opponent’s momentum.
Announcer: After the timeout, the team runs a perfect pick-and-roll—the center rolls to the basket and gets the alley-oop pass!
Commentator: What a slam dunk! The crowd goes wild.
Announcer: And just before the shot clock expires, the shooting guard hits a clutch three-pointer!
Commentator: Nothing but net! That’s the kind of shot that can turn the game around.
Announcer: The officials are reviewing a possible flagrant foul on the last defensive play.
Commentator: The crew chief is explaining the call to the players and coaches.
Announcer: After the review, the referee issues a technical foul to the bench for arguing.
Commentator: That’s a tough call, but the officials are keeping the game under control.
Announcer: With only a few minutes left, every play and every call counts. Stay tuned for more action!

NBA Rules Explained: A Comprehensive Guide

Basketball is a fast-paced team sport with specific rules designed to ensure fair play and excitement. The NBA, the world’s premier basketball league, follows a set of regulations that define how the game is played, scored, and officiated. Below are the key rules and concepts you need to know.

1. Game Structure

• Quarters: NBA games are divided into four quarters, each lasting 12 minutes.
• Overtime: If the score is tied at the end of regulation, the game goes into overtime. Each overtime period lasts 5 minutes, and play continues until one team wins.
• Halftime: There is a 15-minute break between the second and third quarters (halftime).
• Intervals: For local games, 2:30 minutes are allowed between the first and second, and third and fourth quarters. For national TV games, this increases to 3:30 minutes. Overtime periods always have 2:30 minutes before play resumes.

2. Team Composition

• Players: Each team has up to 12 players on the roster, but only 5 are allowed on the court at any time.
• Substitutions: Substitutions can be made during stoppages in play. A team has 30 seconds to replace a disqualified player.

3. Scoring

• Two-point field goal: Any basket scored inside the three-point line is worth 2 points.
• Three-point field goal: Any basket scored from beyond the three-point line (23.75 feet at the top of the key, 22 feet in the corners) is worth 3 points.
• Free throw: Awarded after certain fouls, each successful free throw is worth 1 point.

4. Gameplay Rules

• Dribbling: Players must dribble (bounce) the ball while moving. Stopping and then resuming dribbling is a violation called a double dribble.
• Traveling: Taking more than two steps without dribbling is a violation and results in a turnover.
• Shot clock: The offensive team has 24 seconds to attempt a shot.
• Backcourt violation: Once the ball crosses the midcourt line, the offense cannot return it to the backcourt (their own half) unless a defensive player touches it first.
• Inbounding: After a basket or out-of-bounds, the offensive team has 5 seconds to inbound the ball.

5. Defensive and Offensive Rules

• Three-second rule: Offensive players cannot stay in the paint (the area under the basket) for more than three seconds at a time.
• Defensive three-second rule: A defensive player cannot stay in the paint for more than three seconds unless they are actively guarding an opponent.
• Goaltending: Defenders cannot touch the ball when it is on its downward path toward the basket or when it is on the rim or in the cylinder above the rim.
• Legal guarding position: A defender must establish a legal guarding position without causing illegal contact. They can move backward or laterally with the offensive player.

6. Fouls and Penalties

• Personal foul: Illegal physical contact with an opponent. After 5 personal fouls, a player is disqualified.
• Team fouls: After 4 team fouls in a quarter, any additional fouls result in free throws for the opposing team.
• Technical foul: Called for unsportsmanlike conduct or violations by players or coaches. Results in free throws and possession for the opposing team.
• Flagrant foul: Excessive or unnecessary contact. Can result in ejection and additional penalties.

7. Violations

• Out-of-bounds: The ball or player last touching the ball before it goes out-of-bounds results in a turnover.
• Illegal assist in scoring: Players cannot assist their own shot by interfering with the basket or rim.
• Swinging of elbows: Excessive or vigorous swinging of elbows is prohibited.

8. End of Game

• Winner: The team with the most points at the end of regulation or overtime wins.
• Two-minute warning: The public address operator announces when there are two minutes remaining in each period.

This guide covers the essential rules of NBA basketball, helping you understand the structure, scoring, gameplay, and officiating of one of the world’s most popular sports. Whether you’re a new fan or a seasoned viewer, knowing these rules will enhance your enjoyment of the game!